holding the head with the oral apparatus directed forward in the direction of the axis of the body

We recognize three forms of the insect's head:

• the head points forward in the axis of the body with the oral apparatus directed forward (prognathous)
• the head points downward perpendicular to the axis of the body (hypognathous or orthognathous)
• the head points backward under the body at a sharp angle (opistognathous)